Brain Function and Behavior: Nineteen genomic regions linked to brain function were identified, with eight involved in nervous system development—these may explain the behavioural adaptability of domestic dogs compared to their wild ancestors. Dietary Adaptations: The study also found signals of selection in ten genes associated with starch digestion and fat metabolism, suggesting that early dogs evolved to digest starch more efficiently than wolves. This adaptation was crucial as it allowed dogs to thrive on a diet different from the strictly carnivorous one of their wolf ancestors.

The review found no conclusive evidence of adverse effects from feeding pets a vegan diet, and there were indications of some health benefits. However, the overall evidence was rated as low to very low in certainty, highlighting the complexity and variability in study designs and outcomes. This suggests that while vegan diets can be safe, the decision to switch should be approached with careful consideration of the animal’s nutritional needs.

General Health: Both dogs and cats appeared generally healthy; no significant health issues directly related to the vegan diet were observed. Blood Test Results: No substantial differences in blood values were noted for most nutrients in dogs. However, vegan cats showed significantly lower levels of folic acid compared to those on conventional diets. The study identified some vegan pet foods that did not meet recommended dietary standards, highlighting potential risks of inadequate nutrient intake. Nutritional Adequacies and Concerns: While most homemade and commercial vegan diets seemed to fulfill basic nutritional needs for dogs, certain essential nutrients like methionine, cysteine, vitamin B12, and sodium were underrepresented in some cases. Cats, due to their specific metabolic and dietary requirements, might be less suited to a vegan diet. Essential nutrients such as taurine, arachidonic acid, and vitamin A must be supplemented to prevent deficiencies.